Alternative aggregate in road construction, proceedings book of. The red mud slag was produced via the carbothermic reduction of red mud at high temperatures t 1500 c via saf treatment. Industrial uses of slagthe use and reuse of iron and steelmaking slags r. The temperature of pig iron and slag during the production of. Overview of ironsteel slag application and development of new. Characteristics of calciumaluminate slags and pig iron produced. Steelmaking slag beneficiation by magnetic separator and. Slags are used in road bases, various types of concrete aggregates, fill, glass manufacture, mineral wool, railroad ballast, and soil conditioning. Iron and steel slags are byproducts of the iron and steel industry. An introduction lynne keys historical metallurgy society what is iron slag.
As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use. Steel slag is a hard, dense material somewhat similar to aircooled iron slag. Pdf chemical analysis of iron slags and metallic artefacts. In china, the first steel slag fertilizer program invested by taiyuan iron and steel. The device used was a spectrometer based on xray fluorescence. Assessment of the metallic iron content from steelmaking. Research during the year emphasized the use of granulated slag, particularly in cement. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of different steel slags compared to. Dec 18, 20 at voestalpine the two types of slag are separately collected, prepared, and processed further into products. Classification of bof slag by data mining techniques.
The comprehensive utilization of steel slag in agricultural soils. As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use of. Page 2 chemical and mineralogic composition chemical analyses of blastfurnace slags usually show that the four major oxides lime, magnesia, silica and alumina make up about 95% of the total. A byproduct of smelting ore and steel making, iron slag. As oxygen is blown into the furnace, the principal flux feo is generated.
Decarburization and melting behavior of directreduced. The pages are clean, crisp, unmarked and uncreased. Structural and durability properties of concrete made with corex slag mg alexander. The determination of total iron fe total and metallic iron fe metallic in the slag samples was achieved by spectroscopic methods. Iron and steel slags are, therefore, not subject to federal regulation as hazardous wastes. Industrial uses of slagthe use and reuse of iron and. Chemical analysis of iron slags and metallic artefacts from early iron age. However, current slag processing is far away from optimum conditions, especially for slag fines with small particle sizes, resulting in generation of nonrecyclable. Simulation of slaggas and slagiron interface tilting in. D e p a r t m e nt o f metallurgical and materials engineering national institute of technology, rourkela structure and properties of metallurgical slag by dr.
Slag is a byproduct of the iron manufacturing process. Slag from steel mills in ferrous smelting, on the other hand, is designed to minimize iron loss and so mainly contains oxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium. Slag formers are either charged with the scrap or blown into the furnace. The paper presents an assessment of the metallic iron content from steelmaking slags in order to conserve natural resources. The control of this carbon during the subsequent processes determines the properties of the steel. One possible implication of relying on slagdri interactions for decarburization is that if the. This similarity in chemical composition between the slag samples is illustrated in table 1. During the production of steel in bof andor eaf scrap metal, or metalized ore, or both, the carbon and silicon are removed as carbon dioxide, and the remaining oxidized elements are combined with added lime to form steel slag. This is a well known fact in gray iron, where manganese oxide also plays an additive role.
Simulation of slaggas and slagiron interface tilting in blast furnace hearth during slag tapping. Production of pig iron in a blast furnace 9 scheme of a blast furnace content. Slag practices and oxygencarbon injection when melting direct reduced iron introduction when melting dri or hbi in an eaf, a well designed slag combined with proper oxygen and carbon injection practices leads. Slags are a mixture of silica, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminium and iron oxides. Blast furnace slag bfs and steel furnace slag sfs have a long history of being utilized as industrial byproducts, going back almost 100 years in the united states. The values of specific 1 cast converter slag includingslopping from the converter. The term slag originally referred to slag produced by metal manufacturing processes, however it is now also used to describe slag that originates from molten waste material when trash and other. Quantitative determination of metallic iron content in steel. Dressel dressel technologies pawleys island, sc part iii. In our rich extension of products, we have iron slag for our valued customers. This work investigates the effect of this slag composition on iron nugget formation. Examination of smelting and smithing slags formed in bloomery ironmaking process 23 a. Characterisation of slag 7 chemical composition 7 physical properties 7 mix design for corex slag concrete 10. The effect of the pig iron desulphurisation with the mixture of highly sintered lime and metallic magnesia, in proportion 7.
Iron slag is one of the industrial byproduct from the iron and steel making industries. Due to the high viscosity of the slag phase, the slaggas interface does not stay horizontal during the slag tapping. The shape and physical characteristics of iron and steel slag are similar to ordinary crushed stone and sand, however due to differences such as the chemical components and cooling processes, it is possible to provide different types of slag with a wide variety of unique properties. Structure and properties of metallurgical slag ss 1. Any sandy component or quartz component of the original ore automatically carries through the smelting process as silicon dioxide. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages. Some were produced by smelting, others by smithing. Pig iron is divided into steelmaking pig iron, which is intended for further processing to steel by various refining processes, and foundry pig iron, from which cast iron is produced by remelting. We package all books in custom cardboard book boxes for shipment and ship daily with tracking numbers this is an incredibly detailed book on this subject. Pellets were prepared with iron ore and two different carbonaceous materials. Blast furnace slag production ranges from about 220 to 370 kilograms per metric ton of pig iron produced.
Quenching with water is the most common process, but air or combinations of air and water may be used. The results in table 2 indicate that, oxygenated slag has higher specific gravity and volumetric weight than natural sand whereas the percentage of clay and fine materials in slag were several times higher than that of natural sand. The effect of replacing sand by iron slag on physical. They are used not only in construction and roadbuilding, but also in other ways such as in waste stabilization. Having studied the powerful reducing condition inside the iron blast furnace, it is no surprise to us to know that any other element present in the ore and as easily reduced as iron will come out with it as it runs from the furnace. Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore also ilmenite with a highcarbon fuel and reductant such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. In this paper, the compressive strength of the iron slag concrete was studied. Rich in composition, our range of iron slag is in huge demand across the nation amongst our valued clients.
Nioshtic2 publications search 2808 slagiron and steel. In 2006 the built new steel plant furnace and produciton was greatly influenced. The australasian slag association was formed in sydney, australia, to expand the already considerable use of slag in the australian and asian markets. Dippenaar steel institute, university of wollongong, northfields avenue, nsw, australia traditionally, iron ore has been reduced with coke in a blast furnace and the hotmetal product of the blast furnace containing carbon, manganese, silicon, sulphur and phosphorous, was. As evidence of the rtas commitment to the increased use of recycled materials, in june 1993 the rta in conjunction with the australasian slag association, released a guide to the use of slag in roads. The most common minerals on earth information for educators mindat articles the elements books. Smelting and smithing slags possessing typical morphological characteristics were picked out for determining their a. The oxygen required for decarburization is supplied to the slag by addition of iron oxide as ore lump, pellet or mill scale.
Great efforts have been made throughout the years toward finding an application to minimize the environmental impact and to increase sustainability while generating. Decarburization and melting behavior of directreduced iron. Payment system 100% advance by tt at our bank or at confirmed a at sight lc. Carnegie institution washington year book, 1965, pp. Iron blast furnace slag bfs this is the coproduct from the reduction of iron ores to produce molten iron and molten slag. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3. The effect of addition slag of cast iron and cement to. Enhancement of iron recovery from steelmaking slag fines. Non ferrous slags make up only 12% of the total annual production described below are the main types and uses of slag commercially available in ferrous slag products. Tufan1 1department of mining engineering, dokuz eylul university, 35160, izmir, turkey abstract. Archaeometallurgical studies of ancient iron smelting slags from ban khao din tai archaeological site, northeastern thailand. Nioshtic2 publications search 20037337 slagiron and steel. Iron and steel slag refers to the type of metal manufacturing slag that is generated during the process of manufacturing iron and steel products.
Archaeometallurgical studies of ancient iron smelting slags. Slag inclusion formation during solidification of steel. The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. Examination of smelting and smithing slags formed in. This is realised using soda, calcium carbonate, lime and metallic magnesia. This iron slag is processed by our allied vendors over different quality parameters. Structural and durability properties of concrete made with.
Basic oxygen furnaces bof slag is the main problem at all iron and steel factories. Granulated slag is a glassy, granular product resulting from rapid quenching of the molten slag. This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. As the name suggests, the blast furnace slag is generated in the blast furnace, during the production of liquid pig iron, and is mostly processed further into granulated blast furnace slag which is a valuable additive in the cement.
The carbon becomes part of the pig iron used in the making of steel. Iron blastfurnace slag production, processing, properties. Iron slags and metallic artefacts from early iron age. Business metals, metalworking and machinery cast iron product development castiron flux metallurgy analysis iron foundries innovations. The ore part of a charge consists of iron ores and concentrates, manganese ores and various types of scrap containing iron. The recovered ironrich products are recycled back into the ironmaking and steelmaking processes to replace highcost steel scrap and iron ores. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. Dependent upon the slag composition and temperature and the speed of quenching, the granulated slag may vary from a friable, popcornlike. In order to compare the available data in literature, some of the experimental results from different researchers were selected and compared under specific. The amount of carbon picked up by the iron is more than is needed in the production of steel. It is the property of ironbridge gorge museums trust and is subject to. Processing iron slag and producing steel skull scrap and different sizes of slag aggregates and powders. Properties and uses of iron and steel slag mf 1826 national slag association. How pig iron is converted into iron and steel in blast.
Jan 27, 20 structure and properties of metallurgical slag ss 1. The results confirm that the use of iron slag overcome the pollution problems in the environment. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Both of these oxides reduce the melting point of the silicarich slag and favor the formation. The problem of iron decomposition is considered to be rare and characteristic for slag with a high content of iron oxide 3. The slag balance now starts to shift and the slag becomes more liquid. Theeraporn chuenpee, krit wonin, surapol natapintu and isao takashima, 2014. Approximately 300 kgtonpig iron and 100 kgtonsteel of bf slag and. However, altering the chemical composition of the slag and rapid cooling of the molten mass while preventing the crystallisation of dicalcium silicate can completely prevent this problem. In addition, iron, silica and alumina oxide are the main compounds in most iron smelting slags, together they make up over 90. A readyreference book of chemical and physical data. Generating of slag in pig iron production in blast furnace bf, steel production. More than 400 million tonnes of iron and steel slag is produced each year.
Bfs is composed of the nonmetallic components removed from iron ore during processing in a blast furnace. During smelting, slagging agents and fluxes mainly limestone or dolomite and silica sand are added to the blast furnace or steelmaking. This oxidized iron is observed in the chemical composition of the bof slag. Through the addition of portland cement, silica and alumina the slag composition was varied to adjust the expected liquidus temperature to 1573 and 2273 k. Effect of slag composition on iron nuggets formation from. Such slag can, with a certain amount of other constituents, form compounds that will easily react with water and thus lead to the disintegration of material. Slag inclusion formation during solidification of steel alloys and in cast iron sofia adolfi 2007 department of materials science, royal institute of technology s100 44 stockholm, sweden abstract this thesis explores the formation of segregation and inclusions during solidification of. Chemical analysis of iron slags and metallic artefacts. Quantitative determination of metallic iron content in.
Charcoal and anthracite are also used as fuel and reductant. Use of iron slag as partial replacement of sand to concrete. Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry, also known as crude iron, which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. A blast furnace charge consists of ore, fluxes and fuel. It is the property of ironbridge gorge museums trust and is subject to a memorandum of agreement between the trust. Steelmaking slag beneficiation by magnetic separator and impacts on sinter quality o. Business metals, metalworking and machinery cast iron product development cast iron flux metallurgy analysis iron foundries innovations. It inlcludes tons of photographs, charts, diagrams and actual photographs of the processes, manufacture and uses of iron slag. A wide variety of iron slag price options are available to you, there are 1,082 suppliers who sells iron slag price on, mainly located in asia. Pig iron and slag are the products of the smeltingreduction treatment.
From the gas composition measurement results we can say that the atmosphere of the furnace. This use, together with the steel slag is a hard, dense material similar to aircooled iron rapid growth of concrete usage worldwide, led to th e slag, and is particularly suitable for road making. The slag flow is modelled using the free and porous media flow fps. The results in table 2 indicate that, oxygenated slag has higher specific gravity and volumetric weight than natural sand whereas the percentage of clay and fine materials in slag were several times higher than that of. Composition of the slag and pig iron product download table. Archaeometallurgical studies of ancient iron smelting.
Pdf nowadays, iron and steel industries are moving toward environmental. The iron picks up carbon from the coke and impurities from the ore. In a blastfurnace, the iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron using, as a fluxing agent, 5 corex is a registered trade mark of voestalpine. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and india, from which the percentage of iron slag price supply is 2%, 95%, and 2% respectively. Business metals, metalworking and machinery iron iron metal iron, nodular metal castings industry nodular iron. Slag inclusion formation during solidification of steel alloys and in cast iron sofia adolfi 2007 department of materials science, royal institute of technology s100 44 stockholm, sweden abstract this thesis explores the formation of segregation and inclusions during solidification of steel and cast iron.